DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY FIELD MANUAL
FM 23-5
for the U.S. Rifle, CALIBER .30, M1
Chapter 1.
INTRODUCTION
1. Purpose and Scope
(a) This manual is a guide for commanders and instructors in presenting
instruction and training in the mechanical operation of the M1 rifle. It includes a
detailed description of the rifle and its general characteristics; procedures for
disassembly and assembly; methods of loading; an explanation of functioning; a
discussion of stoppages and immediate action;
a description of the ammunition; and instructions on the care and cleaning of both
the weapon and ammunition. The material
presented is applicable, without modification, to both nuclear and non-nuclear
warfare.
(b) Marksmanship training is covered in FM 23-71.
(c) Users of this manual are encouraged to submit recommended changes or
comments to improve the manual. Comments
should be keyed to the specific page, paragraph, and line of the text in which the
change is recommended. Reasons should be
provided for each comment to insure understanding and complete evaluation. Comments
should be forwarded direct to the Commandant,
U.S. Army Infantry School, Fort Benning, Ga.
2. Importance of Mechanical Training
The rifle is the soldier's basic weapon. It gives him an individual and powerful
capability for combat. To get the most
out of his individual combat capability, the soldier must develop two skills to an
equal degree: he must be able to fire his
weapon well enough to get hits on battlefield targets, and he must know enough about
its working parts to keep them operating
smoothly so the rifle will not fail him. The soldier gets his firing skill on
marksmanship training ranges and he learns how
to keep his rifle in firing condition from the mechanical training that is
outlined in this manual.
3.Description of the Rifle
The U.S. rifle caliber .30, M1, (fig. 1) is an air-cooled, gas-operated,
clip-fed, and semiautomatic shoulder weapon. This means that the air cools the barrel;
that the power to cock the rifle and
chamber the succeeding round comes from the expanding gas of the round fired
previously; that it is loaded by inserting a
metal clip (containing a maximum of eight rounds) into the receiver; and that the
rifle
fires one round each time the trigger is pulled.
4. General Data (Specifications)
| Weight |
9.5 pounds |
| Weight With bayonet M1 and sling M1907 |
11.2 pounds |
| Length: (over-all) rifle only |
43.6 inches |
| Length (over-all) with bayonet M1 |
53.4 inches |
| Length of barrel |
24 inches |
| Length of rifling |
70.8 calibers (21.30 inches) |
| Rifling, old barrels |
Four grooves |
| Rifling, new barrels |
Two grooves |
| Rifling twist |
Right hand, one turn in 33.3 calibers (10 inches) |
| Depth of grooves, rifling |
0.0040 inches |
| Type of mechanism |
Gas operated, semi-automatic |
| Loading device |
En-block clip |
| Sight radius |
27.9 inches at 100 yard range |
| Sights |
27.9 inches at 100 yard range |
| Sights: Front |
Fixed blade |
| Sights: Rear |
Adjustable peep. One click of elevation or windage moves the strike of the
bullet .7 centimeters at 25 meters |
| Trigger pull: Minimum |
5 1/2 pounds |
| Trigger pull: Maximum |
7 1/2 pounds |
| Ammunition types |
Ball, AP, tracer, grenade - See Chapter 6. |
| Muzzle velocity (M-2 ammunition) |
853 (2,800 feet/second) meters/sec |
| Chamber pressure |
50,000 pounds per square inch (copper) |
| Maximum range |
3,200 meters (3,450 yards) |
| Maximum effective range |
460 meters. (Maximum effective range is the greatest distance at which a
weapon my be expected to fire accurately to
inflict casualties or damage.) |
| Maximum effective rate of fire |
16 to 24 rounds per minute. (Although there is no prescribed maximum rate of fire, a trained rifleman can fire 16 to
24 aimed rounds per minute.) |
